Ask what the index includes, how it weights constituents, and how often it rebalances. Market-cap weighting usually offers low turnover and naturally favors winners, while alternative schemes can raise costs and taxes. Understanding construction prevents surprises and helps you match expectations with real-world behavior when volatility inevitably tests nerves.
Tracking difference tells you how closely results follow the benchmark after expenses and implementation frictions. Lower is better, consistently, across different market conditions. Compare multiple providers, check historical slippage, and remember that razor-thin expense ratios matter most when accompanied by scale, liquidity, and careful portfolio management during rebalances and corporate actions.
A simple core might blend total world equities with high-quality bonds, adjusting proportions to your horizon and sleep-at-night needs. Avoid overlapping funds that secretly duplicate holdings. Fewer moving parts reduce errors, taxes, and temptation, leaving you with a durable, understandable engine that keeps working when your attention moves elsewhere.
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